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This article reviewed the research progress of the relationship between sleep disorder and frailty as well as frailty components. It also summarized the potential mechanisms of the association between sleep disorder and frailty in the elderly, including comorbidity, endocrinology, inflammatory response and mediation mechanisms, which provided references for identifying frailty of high-risk groups and performing early intervention.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Magnetic anchored surgical instruments (MASI), relying on magnetic force, can break through the limitations of the single port approach in dexterity. Individual characteristic abdominal wall thickness (ICAWT) deeply influences magnetic force that determines the safety of MASI. The purpose of this study was to research the abdominal wall characteristics in MASI applied environment to find ICAWT, and then construct an artful method to predict ICAWT, resulting in better safety and feasibility for MASI.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>For MASI, ICAWT is referred to the thickness of thickest point in the applied environment. We determined ICAWT through finding the thickest point in computed tomography scans. We also investigated the traits of abdominal wall thickness to discover the factor that can be used to predict ICAWT.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Abdominal wall at C point in the middle third lumbar vertebra plane (L3) is the thickest during chosen points. Fat layer thickness plays a more important role in abdominal wall thickness than muscle layer thickness. "BMI-ICAWT" curve was obtained based on abdominal wall thickness of C point in L3 plane, and the expression was as follow: f(x) = P1 × x 2 + P2 × x + P3, where P1 = 0.03916 (0.01776, 0.06056), P2 = 1.098 (0.03197, 2.164), P3 = -18.52 (-31.64, -5.412), R-square: 0.99.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Abdominal wall thickness of C point at L3 could be regarded as ICAWT. BMI could be a reliable predictor of ICAWT. In the light of "BMI-ICAWT" curve, we may conveniently predict ICAWT by BMI, resulting a better safety and feasibility for MASI.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Abdominal Wall , Body Mass Index , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures , Surgical Instruments , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Objective: To understand the growth and health care status of children under five years old in project counties of Chongqing and Sichuan, so as to provide evidence for establishing scientific and effective measures for health care of children. Methods: The non-probability sampling method was used to select the children under five years old from 54 villages in 6 project counties in Chongqing and Sichuan. The parents were investigated by questionnaire; the height (length) and weight of children were examined; and the hemoglobin of 6-35 months old children was determined. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the factors influencing the growth status of children under five years old. Results: Totally 1 089 caretakers of children under five years old were investigated; 82. 1% (894/1 089) of them had an educational background of primary school or middle school; and the median net per capita income of their family was 2 500 yuan (RMB) in 2009. For the youngest children in the families, the hospital delivery rate was 86. 6% (933/1 077), the colostrums feeding rate was 96. 4% (1050/1089), and the average of weaning months was (11. 6 ± 5. 6) months. The prevalence of diarrhea of the children was 19. 6% (213/1 089) within the past two weeks, and 264 children had cough (24. 2%). A total of 1 197 children under five years old were investigated, the rates of stunting, underweight and wasting were 17. 4%(200/l 152), 4. 7%(55/l 173)and 2. 2% (25/1 148), respectively. The underweight rate of boys was significantly higher than that of girls(5. 9%[38/645] vs 3. 2%[17/ 528]; χ2 = 4.638,P = 0. 031), and the wasting rate of boys was also significantly higher than that of girls(3. 0%[19/634] vs 1. 2%[6/514]; χ2=4. 460,P = 0. 035). The detection rate of low hemoglobin among the 6-35 months old children was 38. 4% (272/709). Multiple variable logistic regression analysis showed that male sex, born at home, and low birth weight might be the influence factors on the low growth status of children under five years old. Conclusion: The caretakers of children under five years old in rural areas of Chongqing and Sichuan have a low cognitive level on the health care of children, and the children have developmental delay and malnutrition to various extents. Measures should be taken to improve child health care knowledge and health education.
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Objective To investigate the expression of transforming growth factor-?(TGF-?) in the villus and deciduas of different outcomes after administration with mifepristone and misoprostol in the termination of early pregnancy. Methods From May 2004 to March 2005,50 women who were comfirmed early pregnancy and requested termination of pregnancy in the outpatient department were recruited.Patients with medical abortion were divided into two groups according to the final outcomes: group of complete abortion(n=15) and group of incomplete abortion((n=)15).Another 20 patients with surgical abortion were served as control.The villus and deciduas were collected at the third day of medical abortion,whereas the same was done at the day of surgical abortion.The expression of TGF-? in villus and deciduas of the three groups were measured by immunohistochemical method. Results The age,gestational age,diameter of gestational sac and levels of serum E_(2),P and ?-HCG before abortion were similar in these groups.Compared with the other two groups,the expressions of TGF-? in the villus and deciduas in the group of complete abortion were significantly decreased(P